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原文地址:http://shiningray.cn/linux-shang-pei-zhi-nginx-php5-fastcgi.html
Nginx是俄罗斯人编写的十分轻量级的HTTP服务器,以事件驱动的方式编写,所以有非常好的性能,同时也是一个非常高效的反向代理、负载平衡。其拥有匹配Lighttpd的性能,同时还没有Lighttpd的内存泄漏问题,而且Lighttpd的mod_proxy也有一些问题并且很久没有更新。
因此我打算用其替代Apache应用于Linux服务器上。但是Nginx并不支持cgi方式运行,原因是可以减少因此带来的一些程序上的漏洞。那么我们必须使用FastCGI方式来执行PHP程序。
下面是我成功地配置Nginx + PHP5 FastCGI的过程
首先安装或编译Nginx
安装Nginx
源码包可以在官方主页上下载。Ubuntu 7.10可以直接通过apt安装,也可以从这里下载最新的deb包:
sudo apt-get install nginx
如果要自己编译的话,需要确保自己已经有编译器和PCRE的库(用于Nginx的rewrite模块,如果不需要这个模块可以在configure时使用./configure –without-rewrite),编译方法如下:
wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.5.34.tar.gz tar zxvf nginx-0.5.34.tar.gz cd nginx-0.5.34 ./configure #默认配置安装路径为/usr/local/nginx 可以追加--prefix=/usr设置到/usr make && make install # install要求有root权限
Ubuntu安装之后的文件结构大致为:
所有的配置文件都在/etc/nginx下,并且每个虚拟主机已经安排在了/etc/nginx/sites-available下
程序文件在/usr/sbin/nginx
日志放在了/var/log/nginx中
并已经在/etc/init.d/下创建了启动脚本nginx
默认的虚拟主机的目录设置在了/var/www/nginx-default
而自己利用默认配置编译的,则放在/usr/local/nginx下,以下是目录结构:
/usr/local/nginx/conf 配置目录 /usr/local/nginx/html 默认的网站根目录 /usr/local/nginx/logs 日志和pid文件目录 /usr/local/nginx/sbin 执行文件目录
下面可以启动nginx来看看效果(请确保80端口没有其他服务在使用):
Ubuntu请运行:
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start
其他请运行:
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
然后就可以通过http://localhost/来看看效果了。
要配置nginx的自动运行,可以将/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx添加到/etc/rc.local中,Ubuntu可以执行
update-rc.d nginx defaults
安装PHP5
至于如何在Linux上安装PHP,有很多文章,甚至很多平台上都有现成的软件包,无需自己编译。
PHP5的CGI方式的一大优势是内置了FastCGI的支持,只需指明绑定的地址和端口参数便可以以FastCGI的方式运行,如下:
php-cgi -b 127.0.0.1:9000
如何配置其与nginx一起运行呢?
配置Nginx的PHP FastCGI
请将以下内容保存为fastcgi_params文件,保存于/usr/local/nginx/conf下(Ubuntu可保存于/etc/nginx下),他为我们的FastCGI模块设置了基本的环境变量:
#fastcgi_params fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1; fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx; fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root; fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol; fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr; fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name; # PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;
请特别注意"fastcgi_script_name"一行,PHP-CGI特别需要此行信息来确定PHP文件的位置。
另外需要在PHP-CGI的配置文件(Ubuntu 上此配置文件位于/etc/php5/cgi/php.ini)中,打开cgi.fix_pathinfo选项:
cgi.fix_pathinfo=1;
这样php-cgi方能正常使用SCRIPT_FILENAME这个变量。
接下来在nginx的配置中针对php文件配置其利用FastCGI进程来执行:
server { index index.php; root /usr/local/nginx/html; location ~ .*.php$ { include /usr/local/nginx/conf/fastcgi_params; #请根据自己保存的路径进行设置 fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; #请根据自己的FastCGI绑定的地址和端口进行配置 } }
通知Nginx重新载入配置:
kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`
Ubuntu用户可以使用init脚本:sudo /etc/init.d/nginx reload
然后启动php-cgi -b 127.0.0.1:9000
假设你在文档根目录放了index.php,并包含"phpinfo();"的内容,现在再看http://localhost/index.php便应该能看到php的调试信息了。
配置php进程
直接使用php-cgi的FastCGI运行方式有两个问题(貌似应该有解决方案,如果知道的话可以教教我):
1.如果进程崩溃,难以配置重新启动 2.单进程的效率低
因此,我们可以利用Lighttpd的spawn-fcgi来控制进程的运行。获得spawn-fcgi的方法如下:
wget http://www.lighttpd.net/download/lighttpd-1.4.18.tar.bz2 #获取Lighttpd的源码包 tar -xvjf lighttpd-1.4.18.tar.bz2 cd lighttpd-1.4.18 ./configure #编译 make cp src/spawn-fcgi /usr/local/bin/spawn-fcgi #取出spawn-fcgi的程序
下面我们就可以使用 spawn-fcgi 来控制php-cgi的FastCGI进程了
/usr/local/bin/spawn-fcgi -a 127.0.0.1 -p 9000 -C 5 -u www-data -g www-data -f /usr/bin/php-cgi
参数含义如下
-f <fcgiapp> 指定调用FastCGI的进程的执行程序位置,根据系统上所装的PHP的情况具体设置 -a <addr> 绑定到地址addr -p <port> 绑定到端口port -s <path> 绑定到unix socket的路径path -C <childs> 指定产生的FastCGI的进程数,默认为5(仅用于PHP) -P <path> 指定产生的进程的PID文件路径 -u和-g FastCGI使用什么身份(-u 用户 -g 用户组)运行,Ubuntu下可以使用www-data,其他的根据情况配置,如nobody、apache等
然后我们可以将这行代码加入到/etc/rc.local文件底部,这样系统启动的时候也可以同时启动PHP的FastCGI进程。
The writing is very detailed. thanks bird brother
写的很详细.
不过现在很多都用宝塔搭建了 太方便了。
[…] 既然上面提及php-cgi实现的FastCGI问题官方没有解决。那自然有第三方做这个事情,我们可以使用Lighttpd的spawn-fcgi来管理php-cgi进程。注意,这里的spawn-fcgi是进程管理器,只是管理实现FastCGI协议的php-cgi,这个的安装和使用方式可以参照鸟哥的博客 […]
[…] 既然上面提及php-cgi实现的FastCGI问题官方没有解决。那自然有第三方做这个事情,我们可以使用Lighttpd的spawn-fcgi来管理php-cgi进程。注意,这里的spawn-fcgi是进程管理器,只是管理实现FastCGI协议的php-cgi,这个的安装和使用方式可以参照鸟哥的博客 […]
[…] 既然上面提及php-cgi实现的FastCGI问题官方没有解决。那自然有第三方做这个事情,我们可以使用Lighttpd的spawn-fcgi来管理php-cgi进程。注意,这里的spawn-fcgi是进程管理器,只是管理实现FastCGI协议的php-cgi,这个的安装和使用方式可以参照鸟哥的博客 […]
php-cgi以FastCGI模式运行的时候,好像启动的时候是可以通过设置PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN环境变量来控制fork进程个数,这样是不是就不存在单进程的效率低的问题。
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用php-fpm启动FastCGI
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[…] Linux上配置Nginx+PHP5(FastCGI) […]
请问,我想在本地/var/www 下建立一个网站,依照这篇文章进行配置,但是访问localhost/ 或是localhost 只能下载index.php 这个文件而不是运行它,访问localhost/index.php 或者其他子文件夹如localhost/try/ 或是localhost/try/index.php 都没有问题,请问这是怎么回事呢?已经确定nginx 和spawn-fcgi 都在正常运行了。
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提示什么错误呢?
为什么我在nginx.conf里写入 1. server {
2. index index.php;
3. root /usr/local/nginx/html;
4.
5. location ~ .*.php$ {
6. include /usr/local/nginx/conf/fastcgi_params; #请根据自己保存的路径进行设置
7. fastcgi_index index.php;
8. fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; #请根据自己的FastCGI绑定的地址和端口进行配置
9. }
10. }
这段话提示错误,无法启动nginx呢?我是在Ubuntu下安装的
我喜欢用PHP-FPM 给PHP的补丁
使用起来很方便
/usr/local/php5/sbin/php-fpm start
/usr/local/php5/sbin/php-fpm stop
/usr/local/php5/sbin/php-fpm restart
手册上讲的是如何使用,而我想清楚的是如何用的更好……呵呵,想学习一下前辈的经验。
http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxHttpRewriteModule
手册上很详细啊.
前一阵我也搭了一个,感觉最困难的是nginx的rewrite规则……能不能写写这方面……网上很多支离破碎的文章。
手册里也有。。
http://php-fpm.org/Main_Page
关于配置项, 可以参看:http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxModules
@xi2008wang great, thanks
现在都用php-fpm代替spawn-cgi了
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